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Inuit Sign Language
Inuit Sign Language (IUR), also known as Inuiuuk (syllabics: ), is an Indigenous sign language isolate native to Inuit communities of the Eastern Arctic. Currently only attested within certain communities in Nunavut, the language may be found across the Arctic, including northern Quebec, Greenland, Northwest Territories and the Yukon; however, this remains speculation.〔Schuit (2012).〕
Of the estimated 155 deaf residents of Nunavut, around 47 are thought to speak Inuiuuk with other deaf residents speaking ASL due to southern schooling. It is unknown how many hearing people speak the language nor how many people are monolingual. As it is a highly endangered and relatively hidden language, it has no protection under the federal or territorial governments of Canada. However, Inuiuuk exists alongside ASL interpretation within the Nunavut Legislative Assembly as of 2008.〔 Recently, there has been increased interest in the documentation of the language which would be done through the Nunavut Council for People with Disabilities and the Inuit Broadcasting Corporation (IBC).〔 As well, there is push to expand the interpretation/translation programme through Arctic College to include Inuiuuk.〔
==History==
At least since the 18th century, hearing Inuit used some form of sign language for trade and communication between various Inuit languages, a similar role to that played by Plains Sign Language further south. This may have been IUR or at least its ancestor, as the region has a high incidence of congenital deafness. In the territory of Nunavut, for example, the incidence of hereditary deafness is six times that of southern Canada. The deaf are well integrated in the community, and there are perhaps two hearing people proficient in IUR for every deaf speaker, as in other communities with high rates of congenital deafness such as Martha's Vineyard. However, IUR is not (or no longer) used as a contact language among the hearing.〔According to Schuit (2012). MacDougall (2000) reports that hearing people have been observed using it for inter-dialectical communication, noting that "this is not unusual for nomadic hunters and others living in isolated places". However, it is not clear if he is referring to historical or contemporary accounts.〕 Its speakers are the deaf and those hearing people they regularly communicate with.〔
The history of the language is not well known, with stories passed down from elders noting the use of Inuiuuk, or related languages/dialects therein, for generations where the language(s) would be used by both hearing and Deaf Inuk, especially out on the tundra. However, due to the sparseness of communities and the relative youth of the field of research, there is little understanding of who uses the language where. That being said, Inuiuuk has been shown to be passed down in some families through generations, regardless of deafness.〔 In fact, deafness within Inuit society holds less stigma than it does within its southern neighbour's which leads to a wider acceptance and adoption of Inuiuuk.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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